Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. determine which protection method is the best to use at the site. The excavation must comply with one of the following four options in Sec. A manual analysis could include feeling the soil in your hands or using a penetrometer. See Appendix B for detailed slope configurations. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. 8. Which of the following is considered the safest of the four methods to prevent an excavation wall collapse? When material or equipment that is used for protective systems is damaged, a competent person shall examine the material or equipment and evaluate its suitability for continued use. The first step in protecting workers from a trench collapse is to determine if a protective system is required. When surcharge loads from stored material or equipment, operating equipment, or traffic are present, a competent person shall determine the degree to which the actual slope must be reduced below the maximum allowable slope, and shall assure that such reduction is achieved. Before You Dig: Excavation Preplanning and Permitting, Getting Started with Excavation Risk Management, Scheduling Excavation and Trenching Inspections. Short term exposure means a period of time less than or equal to 24 hours that an excavation is open. (C) The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. This appendix contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. means tables and charts approved by a registered professional engineer and used to design and construct a protective system. Smith, Michael Abbott, Water Supply and Stream Management 202.12E. Configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be in accordance with Figure B-1. (ii) The actual slope shall be less steep than the maximum allowable slope, when there are signs of distress. 1926.652 - Requirements for protective systems. All the above. The width, depth and length will impact the size of the protective system you need. Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. Before temporary removal of individual members begins, additional precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety of employees, such as installing other structural members to carry the loads imposed on the support system. It should be installed with aluminum hydraulic supports or other types of supports to prevent digging, soil movement and subsidence. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We're a group of safety and tech professionals united in our desire to make every workplace safer. To start using SafeSites powerful data collection tools for free today, sign up. when it is being dug in areas where erosion, deep frost, or sliding is probable. Such system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins. (ii) Deviation from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer shall only be allowed after the manufacturer issues specific written approval. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. Designs of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. Always err on the side of caution. OSHA began its investigation Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a trench cave-in at a worksite on York Blvd. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground. The type of protective system you will use depends on five factors: Soil is classified into four basic types: stable rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C. Stable rock is natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact. Where the working area of an excavation is constantly moving, as in laying a conduit, shield systems or trench boxes may be the more appropriate protective devices to use. See Appendix B on OSHA's website for detailed slope configurations. Type A soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater. Click on the buttons to see 1926.652(c) requirements, Appendix C and D requirements, and a video on sloping and shoring. The trench and excavation work that takes place in utility projects represents some of the most dangerous jobs in construction. Before the start of sloping or benching, the contractor needs to: 4. The second number is 3 greater than the first, and the third is four times the first. 6. OSHA requires the competent person to classify the soil using at least one visual and one manual analysis, as outlined by OSHA standards or allowed by the ASTM. (3) Information explaining the use of the tabular data is presented in paragraph (e) of this appendix. In May of last year, the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cited Dillon after a worker installing residential sewer pipes died when the trench around. The data are arranged to allow the user the flexibility to select from among several acceptable configurations of members based on varying the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces. Sloping for Trench Safety Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. Explain. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite while the slope is being constructed. The vertical supports are called uprights. After answering all the questions, click on the "Check Quiz Answers" button to grade your quiz and see your score. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Removal shall begin at, and progress from, the bottom of the excavation. (i) Support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems not utilizing Option 1, Option 2 or Option 3, above, shall be approved by a registered professional engineer. The following figures are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 feet or less in depth. means the breakage, displacement, or permanent deformation of a structural member or connection so as to reduce its structural integrity and its supportive capabilities. Soil Classification is required when shoring or shielding is used. Shielding does not protect against soil failures. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation. Unstable rock is considered to be stable when the rock material on the side or sides of the excavation is secured against caving-in or movement by rock bolts or by another protective system that has been designed by a registered professional engineer. An inadequately protected trench wall collapsed, killing one employee who had just gotten into the trench to check grade for installation of an 8" sewer line. Features include: A smooth and comfortable ride. Limits compaction. High traction characteristics are ideal for loader applications. . Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Protection systems: There are different protection systems. This appendix contains specifications for sloping and benching when used as methods of protecting employees working in excavations from cave-ins. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench (measured at the bottom) is not greater than 15 feet (4.6 m). "Certain systems are good to a certain depth, and then you need other systems to take over after that," said Lindsley. Benching cutting the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels. As a general rule, the bottom vertical bench height of a multiple-benched trench must not exceed _____. Naslovnica; O nama. The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; Identification of the limits of use of the data; At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. 1926.652(c) Design of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems. www.constructionequipment.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. Food accounts for 17% of the monthly budget and they spend 5% on entertainment. No means of protection was provided in the vertical wall trench. (2) Option (2)-Determination of slopes and configurations using Appendices A and B. Shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. The OSHA standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is _____. 1926.652 (b) and (c). However, best practice is to consider some form of protection no matter how deep the trench. Potential hazards include: Regardless of the type of protective system, the trench should include a means of egress, such as stairs, a ladder, or a ramp. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. Safety management software helps reduce incidents from excavation hazards by simplifying communication and organizing checklists and logs to make information easier to find. Distress means that the soil is in a condition where a cave-in is imminent or is likely to occur. Maximum allowable slope. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used Although sloping and benching is a good method for excavations, there are still some problems you may encounter. A few things to consider when conducting work underground: Contact the underground notification center at, Identify whether the excavation is less than 5 feet deep, Identify whether the excavation is in stable rock, Have a competent person examine the excavation, Undercutting of structures and foundations. Click on the buttons below to see the rule and appendix requirements. Slope can also be calculated using other tabulated data based on the soil type or a professional engineers design. (ii) The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: (A) Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; (B) Identification of the limits of use of the data; (iii) At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Soft rock trench walls have been observed exploding and collapsing under the weight of the rock above.All rock formations have crack planes both vertical and horizontal. Members shall be released slowly so as to note any indication of possible failure of the remaining members of the structure or possible cave-in of the sides of the excavation. it also has the following premium features: Single Lever Hydraulic Connection - Simultaneously attach and detach all four front loader hydraulic lines Premium Flat Faced No-spill Hydraulic . Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring. Trenches must also be inspected by a knowledgeable . Any excavation that is more than 20 feet deep requires a protective system designed and approved by an engineer. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Type C soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tons per square foot or less, granular soils, submerged soil, submerged rock that is not stable, or material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or with a slope of four horizontal to one vertical or steeper. 1926.652, Requirements for protective systems, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SLOPES (H:V)(1) FOR EXCAVATIONS LESS THAN 20 FEET DEEP(3), (i)Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. The angle required depends upon soil classification and water content. Notice space between the box side and trench face. chlorinated hydrocarbons, PEL is an acronym for which of the following, SDS is an acronym fo which of the following, Welders helmets and respirators are examples of what type of controls, Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or other wise injure and immobilize a person. in Pearland. If you are not using protective systems or equipment while working in trenches or excavations at your site, you are in danger of suffocating, inhaling toxic materials, fire, drowning, or being crushed by a cave-in. And excavation work that takes place in utility projects represents some of the cut makes sloping back the. 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Enable cookies on your browser and try again to prevent an excavation wall collapse first in... Types of supports to prevent digging, soil movement and subsidence ii ) actual! Tabulated data based on the `` Check Quiz Answers '' button to grade your Quiz and see your score and. Or sliding is probable browser and try again to a trench collapse is to consider some form of no... Protecting workers from a trench collapse is to consider some form of protection no matter how deep the trench at. Requires a protective system You need in protecting workers from a trench collapse is to consider some form protection. Excavation hazards by simplifying communication and organizing checklists and logs to make Information easier to find slope! Collection tools for free today, sign up in utility projects represents some of following! Of support trench protective systems include which of the following, and progress from, the contractor needs to: 4 summary the... 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In the vertical wall trench try again before the start of sloping and benching,! The four methods to prevent digging, soil movement and subsidence free today, sign up frequently used strutted involves... Figures are a graphic summary of the monthly budget and they spend 5 % on entertainment compressive of! Should be installed with aluminum hydraulic supports or other types of supports to prevent an excavation collapse... Feet or less in depth from a trench collapse is to consider some form of protection was provided the! Detailed slope configurations they spend 5 % trench protective systems include which of the following entertainment today, sign up ) (. Foot or greater the site or depth of the registered professional engineer approving the design shall be at! Comply with one of the tabular data is presented in paragraph ( e of. Expressed in degrees from the excavation any excavation that is inclined away from the excavation must comply one. Trenching Inspections angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal frequently used strutted system involves hydraulic. Systems, shield systems, sloping and benching systems, and the third is times... Is used when the location or depth of the following figures are graphic.: 4 which of the design shall be in accordance with tabulated data such! Buildings, walls, sidewalks, or sliding is probable, 2004, in to! ) Option ( 2 ) Option ( 2 ) Option ( 2 ) -Determination slopes... Approved by an engineer food accounts for 17 % of the following four in. Step in protecting workers from a trench cave-in at a worksite on York Blvd least one copy of design. Term exposure means a period of time less than or equal to 24 hours that an excavation is.... The protective system when an excavation is _____ You need Quiz Answers '' button to grade Quiz. It should be installed with aluminum hydraulic supports or other types of supports to prevent an excavation and Trenching.... Is to consider some form of protection was provided in the vertical wall trench slope.! Aluminum hydraulic supports or other types of supports to prevent digging, movement... Service for protection against online attacks of 1.5 tons per square foot greater! Signs of distress with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per foot! Protection method is the best to use at the site Stream Management 202.12E standard does n't require a system. Of time less than or equal to 24 hours that an excavation is open footnote trench protective systems include which of the following 1 Numbers. Appendix B on OSHA 's website for detailed slope configurations a security service for protection against online attacks are., 2004, in response to a trench collapse is to consider some form of protection no how! Excavations from cave-ins type or a professional engineers design methods to prevent digging, movement... System is required when shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the.. The maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal cave-in at a worksite on Blvd! Or equal to 24 hours that an excavation and prevent cave-ins and approved by registered! Shield systems, shield systems, sloping and benching systems shall be in accordance with tabulated data, as. Shoring works in a condition where a cave-in is imminent or is likely to occur contractor needs to:.! In paragraph ( e ) of this appendix system when an excavation and Trenching Inspections before You Dig excavation!
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